Density values for metals, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, plastics, construction materials, and liquids — in kg/m³, g/cm³, and lb/ft³. With unit converter and sheet weight calculator.
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| Material | Category | kg/m³ | g/cm³ | lb/ft³ |
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* All values are typical reference figures at 20°C. Actual density may vary by alloy grade, heat treatment, porosity, and manufacturing method. Sources: Engineers Notebook, Metal Density Chart, Science Notes.
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Quick visual overview of typical density ranges across material families
The numerical value in g/cm³ is identical to tonnes per cubic metre (t/m³). Steel at 7.85 g/cm³ = 7.85 t/m³. This simplifies large volume calculations — multiply volume in m³ directly by density in t/m³ to get tonnes.
Aluminum 5083 = 2.65 g/cm³ while 7075 = 2.81 g/cm³ — a 6% difference. Always use the specific alloy density for precise procurement weight calculations rather than the generic "aluminum = 2.70" figure.
Metals expand when heated, reducing density. The values in this table are reference values at 20°C. For high-temperature applications (furnace parts, exhaust systems), use manufacturer data at operating temperature for accurate dead-load estimates.
The formula gives mass in kg. To convert to force (Newtons) for structural calculations: multiply kg by 9.81 (gravity). For most fabrication and procurement purposes, mass in kg is sufficient — only needed as force for load calculations.
Titanium (4.51 g/cm³) is about 40% lighter than steel (7.85 g/cm³) yet has comparable or superior strength. Carbon fiber composites are ~1.6 g/cm³ with extremely high specific strength. Always combine density with yield strength data for structural decisions.
Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to water (1.0 g/cm³). Materials with SG > 1 sink in water; SG < 1 float. Useful for quick material identification: if a metal rod floats, it's likely a light alloy or hollow. If it sinks fast, it may be lead or steel.